- Primary Energy Consumption per Capita refers to the total amount of primary energy consumed within a country divided by its total population in a given year.
Turkey Primary Energy Consumption per Capita was 81.60 Gigajoule per Capita in 2023, down 1.9% on 2022. The Primary Energy Consumption per Capita in Turkey Between 2015 and 2023, highlighting per person energy use, consumption trends, and efficiency patterns reflects a steadily evolving energy demand structure shaped by industrial expansion, population growth, and changing consumption behaviors.
Turkey Primary Energy Consumption per Capita moved from 71.80 Gigajoule per Capita in 2015 to 81.60 Gigajoule per Capita in 2023 (+13.6%), an average of +1.6% a year. The series high was 83.20 Gigajoule per Capita in 2022 and the low 71.80 Gigajoule per Capita in 2015.
The gap between the series high (2022) and low (2015) is 11.40 Gigajoule per Capita. The sharpest single-year move was +6.3% in 2021.
Among the 37 countries in this dataset, Turkey ranks 26 for 2023, behind Singapore (577 Gigajoule per Capita) and UAE (539.4 Gigajoule per Capita). The global figure for 2023 is 77.00 Gigajoule per Capita, so Turkey is above it.
Full series
Complete annual series with year-on-year change. Values are reported in Gigajoule per Capita.
Scroll the table sideways to see all columns.
| Year | Gigajoule per Capita | Change vs prior year |
|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 81.60 | −1.9% |
| 2022Peak | 83.20 | +0.4% |
| 2021 | 82.90 | +6.3% |
| 2020 | 78.00 | −2.1% |
| 2019 | 79.70 | +2.6% |
| 2018 | 77.70 | −0.9% |
| 2017 | 78.40 | +5.7% |
| 2016 | 74.20 | +3.3% |
| 2015 Trough | 71.80 | — |
Regional context
Primary Energy Consumption per Capita by country, 2023, Gigajoule per Capita. Turkey is highlighted.
Data definition
Primary Energy Consumption per Capita — - Primary Energy Consumption per Capita refers to the total amount of primary energy consumed within a country divided by its total population in a given year. It is expressed as energy per person, typically measured in tonnes of oil equivalent (toe) per capita or gigajoules (GJ) per capita, depending on the dataset. This indicator reflects the average energy use of an individual in a country and provides insight into national energy intensity, living standards, industrialization levels, and economic structure. It is widely used to compare energy consumption patterns across countries and to assess trends in energy demand relative to population size.
The data includes total primary energy consumption from all major sources such as coal, oil, natural gas, nuclear energy, hydroelectric power, and renewable energy sources including wind, solar, biomass, and geothermal. It considers the full national energy supply before conversion losses and divides it by the mid-year population to derive per capita values. The indicator covers energy used across all sectors, including residential, industrial, commercial, transportation, and power generation activities. It reflects both direct energy use and energy used for electricity generation and other transformation processes, ensuring a comprehensive representation of national energy demand per person.
The data excludes energy consumption after transformation into final energy forms such as electricity and refined petroleum products when considered separately from primary inputs. It does not isolate sector-specific per capita consumption (e.g., industrial or household-only energy use). The indicator does not account for energy efficiency, affordability, or access disparities among population groups. It also does not measure emissions, environmental impacts, or energy service quality such as reliability and continuity of supply. Differences in statistical methodologies, conversion factors, and population estimation methods across countries may result in minor variations in comparability.
Primary Energy Consumption per Capita — - Primary Energy Consumption per Capita refers to the total amount of primary energy consumed within a country divided by its total population in a given year. It is expressed as energy per person, typically measured in tonnes of oil equivalent (toe) per capita or gigajoules (GJ) per capita, depending on the dataset. This indicator reflects the average energy use of an individual in a country and provides insight into national energy intensity, living standards, industrialization levels, and economic structure. It is widely used to compare energy consumption patterns across countries and to assess trends in energy demand relative to population size.
Over the observed period, Turkey’s per capita energy consumption shows moderate fluctuations with an overall upward trajectory, indicating gradual intensification of energy use per individual alongside economic development.
In 2015, Turkey recorded 71.8 GJ per capita, which increased to 74.2 in 2016 and further to 78.4 in 2017, marking a phase of strong growth in energy demand. In 2018, a slight correction to 77.7 was observed, followed by a recovery to 79.7 in 2019, reflecting resilient consumption patterns. In 2020, the value marginally declined to 78, likely influenced by temporary demand disruptions, before rebounding to 82.9 in 2021 and 83.2 in 2022, the highest level in the dataset. In 2023, consumption slightly eased to 81.6 GJ per capita, indicating stabilization after post-recovery expansion.
Overall, the dataset demonstrates that Turkey’s per capita energy consumption has increased over the period, despite short-term fluctuations. The rise from 71.8 to 81.6 GJ per capita highlights a broader structural shift toward higher energy utilization driven by industrial activity, urbanization, and transportation demand. However, the intermittent declines suggest sensitivity to macroeconomic conditions and efficiency improvements in certain sectors.
From a policy perspective, the trend underscores the importance of balancing growing energy demand with sustainability goals, diversification of energy sources, and efficiency improvements. The data provides a useful benchmark for evaluating Turkey’s progress in energy transition and consumption intensity relative to emerging economies.
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Definition- Primary Energy Consumption per Capita refers to the total amount of primary energy consumed within a country divided by its total population in a given year. It is expressed as energy per person, typically measured in tonnes of oil equivalent (toe) per capita or gigajoules (GJ) per capita, depending on the dataset. This indicator reflects the average energy use of an individual in a country and provides insight into national energy intensity, living standards, industrialization levels, and economic structure. It is widely used to compare energy consumption patterns across countries and to assess trends in energy demand relative to population size.
Turkey Primary Energy Consumption per Capita was 81.60 Gigajoule per Capita in 2023, down 1.9% on 2022.
Turkey Primary Energy Consumption per Capita moved from 71.80 Gigajoule per Capita in 2015 to 81.60 Gigajoule per Capita in 2023 (+13.6%), an average of +1.6% a year. The series high was 83.20 Gigajoule per Capita in 2022 and the low 71.80 Gigajoule per Capita in 2015.
The highest value was 83.20 Gigajoule per Capita in 2022 and the lowest was 71.80 Gigajoule per Capita in 2015.
Included: The data includes total primary energy consumption from all major sources such as coal, oil, natural gas, nuclear energy, hydroelectric power, and renewable energy sources including wind, solar, biomass, and geothermal. It considers the full national energy supply before conversion losses and divides it by the mid-year population to derive per capita values. The indicator covers energy used across all sectors, including residential, industrial, commercial, transportation, and power generation activities. It reflects both direct energy use and energy used for electricity generation and other transformation processes, ensuring a comprehensive representation of national energy demand per person. Excluded: The data excludes energy consumption after transformation into final energy forms such as electricity and refined petroleum products when considered separately from primary inputs. It does not isolate sector-specific per capita consumption (e.g., industrial or household-only energy use). The indicator does not account for energy efficiency, affordability, or access disparities among population groups. It also does not measure emissions, environmental impacts, or energy service quality such as reliability and continuity of supply. Differences in statistical methodologies, conversion factors, and population estimation methods across countries may result in minor variations in comparability.
The series is sourced from energyinst.org (https://www.energyinst.org/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/1542714/684_EI_Stat_Review_V16_DIGITAL.pdf). It covers 2015–2023 and is reported in Gigajoule per Capita.
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