Lower over the period
Italy Primary Energy Consumption moved from 6.53 Exajoules in 2015 to 5.95 Exajoules in 2023 (−8.9%), an average of −1.2% a year. The series high was 6.67 Exajoules in 2018 and the low 5.95 Exajoules in 2020.
What Italy Primary Energy Consumption shows
Italy Primary Energy Consumption was 5.95 Exajoules in 2023, down 3.9% on 2022. The Primary Energy Consumption dataset of Italy from 2015 to 2023 provides a comprehensive overview of the country’s energy consumption landscape, highlighting total energy demand, consumption patterns, and long-term changes in the overall energy system.
A 10.8% peak-to-trough swing
The gap between the series high (2018) and low (2020) is 0.720 Exajoules. The sharpest single-year move was −9.2% in 2020.
Ranks 16 of 37 countries covered
Among the 37 countries in this dataset, Italy ranks 16 for 2023, behind China (170.7 Exajoules) and U.S. (94.28 Exajoules). It accounts for 1% of the global total in 2023.
Full series
Italy Primary Energy Consumption by year
Complete annual series with year-on-year change. Values are reported in Exajoules.
Scroll the table sideways to see all columns.
| Year | Exajoules | Change vs prior year |
|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 5.95 | −3.9% |
| 2022 | 6.19 | −2.8% |
| 2021 | 6.37 | +7.1% |
| 2020 Trough | 5.95 | −9.2% |
| 2019 | 6.55 | −1.8% |
| 2018Peak | 6.67 | +0.5% |
| 2017 | 6.64 | +1.2% |
| 2016 | 6.56 | +0.5% |
| 2015 | 6.53 | — |
Regional context
How Italy compares in Europe
Primary Energy Consumption by country, 2023, Exajoules. Italy is highlighted.
1Germany11.41
2France8.66
3Turkey7.00
4UK6.95
5Italy5.95
6Spain5.66
7Netherlands3.44
8Sweden2.15
Data definition
Inclusions and exclusions
Primary Energy Consumption — - Primary Energy Consumption refers to the total amount of energy consumed by a country before conversion into secondary energy forms such as electricity, heat, or refined fuels. It represents the consumption of energy from primary sources including fossil fuels, nuclear energy, and renewable energy sources within a given year. The metric is generally measured in Exajoules (EJ) and provides an overview of a country’s overall energy demand, economic activity, industrial development, and energy system structure. Primary Energy Consumption is an important indicator for evaluating energy usage patterns, resource dependence, energy security, and long-term energy transition trends across countries.
The data includes consumption of primary energy from major energy sources such as coal, crude oil, natural gas, nuclear energy, hydroelectricity, wind, solar, geothermal, biomass, and other renewable energy sources. It covers energy used across different sectors, including industrial, residential, commercial, transportation, and power generation activities. The dataset accounts for energy input before transformation into secondary energy products, allowing measurement of total energy demand at the national level. It includes domestically consumed energy and follows standardized calculation methodologies based on energy statistics from national sources and international energy databases, enabling comparison of energy consumption trends among countries.
The data excludes secondary energy products after conversion, such as electricity and refined petroleum products, when measured separately from their original primary energy inputs. It does not represent only electricity consumption or final energy consumption by end users. The indicator does not directly measure energy efficiency, energy affordability, carbon emissions, or the quality and reliability of energy services. Energy losses occurring during energy transformation, distribution, and transmission are accounted for according to the methodology used but do not represent actual useful energy consumed by consumers. Minor differences may occur due to variations in national statistical reporting, estimation methods, and energy accounting practices.
About this indicator
Primary Energy Consumption — - Primary Energy Consumption refers to the total amount of energy consumed by a country before conversion into secondary energy forms such as electricity, heat, or refined fuels. It represents the consumption of energy from primary sources including fossil fuels, nuclear energy, and renewable energy sources within a given year. The metric is generally measured in Exajoules (EJ) and provides an overview of a country’s overall energy demand, economic activity, industrial development, and energy system structure. Primary Energy Consumption is an important indicator for evaluating energy usage patterns, resource dependence, energy security, and long-term energy transition trends across countries.
Measured in Exajoules (EJ), the dataset represents the total primary energy consumed across the country and serves as an important indicator of energy utilization, economic activity, and infrastructure development.
Italy recorded primary energy consumption of 6.53 EJ in 2015, followed by a slight increase to 6.56 EJ in 2016. Consumption continued to rise gradually, reaching 6.64 EJ in 2017 and 6.67 EJ in 2018, indicating stable energy demand during this period. In 2019, consumption declined slightly to 6.55 EJ before experiencing a significant reduction to 5.95 EJ in 2020 due to reduced economic activity and changes in energy demand conditions. Energy consumption recovered in 2021, reaching 6.37 EJ, but declined again to 6.19 EJ in 2022. In 2023, Italy recorded primary energy consumption of 5.95 EJ, representing the lowest level observed during the period.
Overall, the dataset demonstrates a moderate declining trend in Italy’s primary energy consumption between 2015 and 2023, despite periods of stability and short-term recovery. The increase recorded between 2015 and 2018 was followed by a gradual reduction, reflecting changes in economic activity, energy efficiency improvements, and evolving consumption patterns. The fluctuations after 2020 highlight the impact of changing market conditions and energy system adjustments.
The dataset is valuable for evaluating Italy’s energy consumption trends, comparing national energy demand patterns, and understanding long-term developments within the energy sector. It supports research related to energy planning, sustainability assessment, infrastructure development, and policy evaluation. Furthermore, the data provides important insights for researchers, analysts, and policymakers studying energy efficiency, consumption behavior, and the future transformation of Italy’s energy landscape.
- Indicator
- Primary Energy Consumption
- Country
- Italy
- Region
- Europe
- Unit
- Exajoules
- Coverage
- 2015–2023, annual
- Category
- Energy & Power
- Last updated
- July 2026
- Source
- energyinst.org
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Frequently asked questions
What is Italy Primary Energy Consumption?
Definition- Primary Energy Consumption refers to the total amount of energy consumed by a country before conversion into secondary energy forms such as electricity, heat, or refined fuels. It represents the consumption of energy from primary sources including fossil fuels, nuclear energy, and renewable energy sources within a given year. The metric is generally measured in Exajoules (EJ) and provides an overview of a country’s overall energy demand, economic activity, industrial development, and energy system structure. Primary Energy Consumption is an important indicator for evaluating energy usage patterns, resource dependence, energy security, and long-term energy transition trends across countries.
What was Italy Primary Energy Consumption in 2023?
Italy Primary Energy Consumption was 5.95 Exajoules in 2023, down 3.9% on 2022.
How has Italy Primary Energy Consumption changed between 2015 and 2023?
Italy Primary Energy Consumption moved from 6.53 Exajoules in 2015 to 5.95 Exajoules in 2023 (−8.9%), an average of −1.2% a year. The series high was 6.67 Exajoules in 2018 and the low 5.95 Exajoules in 2020.
Which year had the highest and lowest Italy Primary Energy Consumption?
The highest value was 6.67 Exajoules in 2018 and the lowest was 5.95 Exajoules in 2020.
What does the Italy Primary Energy Consumption data include and exclude?
Included: The data includes consumption of primary energy from major energy sources such as coal, crude oil, natural gas, nuclear energy, hydroelectricity, wind, solar, geothermal, biomass, and other renewable energy sources. It covers energy used across different sectors, including industrial, residential, commercial, transportation, and power generation activities. The dataset accounts for energy input before transformation into secondary energy products, allowing measurement of total energy demand at the national level. It includes domestically consumed energy and follows standardized calculation methodologies based on energy statistics from national sources and international energy databases, enabling comparison of energy consumption trends among countries. Excluded: The data excludes secondary energy products after conversion, such as electricity and refined petroleum products, when measured separately from their original primary energy inputs. It does not represent only electricity consumption or final energy consumption by end users. The indicator does not directly measure energy efficiency, energy affordability, carbon emissions, or the quality and reliability of energy services. Energy losses occurring during energy transformation, distribution, and transmission are accounted for according to the methodology used but do not represent actual useful energy consumed by consumers. Minor differences may occur due to variations in national statistical reporting, estimation methods, and energy accounting practices.
Where does the Italy Primary Energy Consumption data come from?
The series is sourced from energyinst.org (https://www.energyinst.org/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/1542714/684_EI_Stat_Review_V16_DIGITAL.pdf). It covers 2015–2023 and is reported in Exajoules.
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