Lower over the period
India Primary Energy Consumption moved from 1.18 Exajoules in 2015 to 0.900 Exajoules in 2023 (−23.7%), an average of −3.3% a year. The series high was 1.31 Exajoules in 2018 and the low 0.780 Exajoules in 2022.
What India Primary Energy Consumption shows
India Primary Energy Consumption was 0.900 Exajoules in 2023, up 15.4% on 2022. The Primary Energy Consumption dataset of India from 2015 to 2023 provides a comprehensive overview of the country’s energy consumption landscape, highlighting total energy demand, consumption patterns, and long-term changes in the overall energy system.
A 40.5% peak-to-trough swing
The gap between the series high (2018) and low (2022) is 0.530 Exajoules. The sharpest single-year move was −25% in 2020.
Ranks 37 of 37 countries covered
Among the 37 countries in this dataset, India ranks 37 for 2023, behind China (170.7 Exajoules) and U.S. (94.28 Exajoules). It accounts for 0.1% of the global total in 2023.
Full series
India Primary Energy Consumption by year
Complete annual series with year-on-year change. Values are reported in Exajoules.
Scroll the table sideways to see all columns.
| Year | Exajoules | Change vs prior year |
|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 0.900 | +15.4% |
| 2022 Trough | 0.780 | −11.4% |
| 2021 | 0.880 | −5.4% |
| 2020 | 0.930 | −25% |
| 2019 | 1.24 | −5.3% |
| 2018Peak | 1.31 | +1.6% |
| 2017 | 1.29 | +6.6% |
| 2016 | 1.21 | +2.5% |
| 2015 | 1.18 | — |
Regional context
How India compares in Asia-Pacific
Primary Energy Consumption by country, 2023, Exajoules. India is highlighted.
1China170.7
2Japan17.40
3South Korea12.43
4Indonesia10.10
5Australia6.02
6Thailand5.01
7Vietnam4.89
12India0.900
Data definition
Inclusions and exclusions
Primary Energy Consumption — - Primary Energy Consumption refers to the total amount of energy consumed by a country before conversion into secondary energy forms such as electricity, heat, or refined fuels. It represents the consumption of energy from primary sources including fossil fuels, nuclear energy, and renewable energy sources within a given year. The metric is generally measured in Exajoules (EJ) and provides an overview of a country’s overall energy demand, economic activity, industrial development, and energy system structure. Primary Energy Consumption is an important indicator for evaluating energy usage patterns, resource dependence, energy security, and long-term energy transition trends across countries.
The data includes consumption of primary energy from major energy sources such as coal, crude oil, natural gas, nuclear energy, hydroelectricity, wind, solar, geothermal, biomass, and other renewable energy sources. It covers energy used across different sectors, including industrial, residential, commercial, transportation, and power generation activities. The dataset accounts for energy input before transformation into secondary energy products, allowing measurement of total energy demand at the national level. It includes domestically consumed energy and follows standardized calculation methodologies based on energy statistics from national sources and international energy databases, enabling comparison of energy consumption trends among countries.
The data excludes secondary energy products after conversion, such as electricity and refined petroleum products, when measured separately from their original primary energy inputs. It does not represent only electricity consumption or final energy consumption by end users. The indicator does not directly measure energy efficiency, energy affordability, carbon emissions, or the quality and reliability of energy services. Energy losses occurring during energy transformation, distribution, and transmission are accounted for according to the methodology used but do not represent actual useful energy consumed by consumers. Minor differences may occur due to variations in national statistical reporting, estimation methods, and energy accounting practices.
About this indicator
Primary Energy Consumption — - Primary Energy Consumption refers to the total amount of energy consumed by a country before conversion into secondary energy forms such as electricity, heat, or refined fuels. It represents the consumption of energy from primary sources including fossil fuels, nuclear energy, and renewable energy sources within a given year. The metric is generally measured in Exajoules (EJ) and provides an overview of a country’s overall energy demand, economic activity, industrial development, and energy system structure. Primary Energy Consumption is an important indicator for evaluating energy usage patterns, resource dependence, energy security, and long-term energy transition trends across countries.
Measured in Petajoules (PJ), the dataset represents the total primary energy consumed across the country and serves as an important indicator of energy utilization, economic activity, and infrastructure development.
India recorded primary energy consumption of 1180 PJ in 2015, followed by an increase to 1210 PJ in 2016. Consumption continued rising to 1290 PJ in 2017 and reached 1310 PJ in 2018, reflecting increasing energy demand associated with economic growth and industrial development. In 2019, consumption declined to 1240 PJ before experiencing a significant reduction to 930 PJ in 2020 due to economic disruptions and reduced energy requirements. Consumption further declined to 880 PJ in 2021 and reached 780 PJ in 2022. In 2023, India recorded primary energy consumption of 900 PJ, showing a recovery compared with the previous year.
Overall, the dataset demonstrates a fluctuating primary energy consumption trend in India between 2015 and 2023, with strong growth before 2019 followed by a major decline during the disruption period. The recovery in 2023 indicates renewed energy demand driven by economic activity, industrial operations, and infrastructure development. The overall pattern reflects India’s rapidly evolving energy landscape.
The dataset is valuable for analyzing India’s energy consumption trends, evaluating demand growth patterns, and understanding long-term changes in energy utilization. It supports research related to energy planning, sustainability assessment, infrastructure expansion, and policy evaluation. Additionally, the data provides important insights for researchers, analysts, and policymakers studying energy security, efficiency improvements, economic development, and future energy transition pathways in India.
- Indicator
- Primary Energy Consumption
- Country
- India
- Region
- Asia-Pacific
- Unit
- Exajoules
- Coverage
- 2015–2023, annual
- Category
- Energy & Power
- Last updated
- July 2026
- Source
- energyinst.org
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Frequently asked questions
What is India Primary Energy Consumption?
Definition- Primary Energy Consumption refers to the total amount of energy consumed by a country before conversion into secondary energy forms such as electricity, heat, or refined fuels. It represents the consumption of energy from primary sources including fossil fuels, nuclear energy, and renewable energy sources within a given year. The metric is generally measured in Exajoules (EJ) and provides an overview of a country’s overall energy demand, economic activity, industrial development, and energy system structure. Primary Energy Consumption is an important indicator for evaluating energy usage patterns, resource dependence, energy security, and long-term energy transition trends across countries.
What was India Primary Energy Consumption in 2023?
India Primary Energy Consumption was 0.900 Exajoules in 2023, up 15.4% on 2022.
How has India Primary Energy Consumption changed between 2015 and 2023?
India Primary Energy Consumption moved from 1.18 Exajoules in 2015 to 0.900 Exajoules in 2023 (−23.7%), an average of −3.3% a year. The series high was 1.31 Exajoules in 2018 and the low 0.780 Exajoules in 2022.
Which year had the highest and lowest India Primary Energy Consumption?
The highest value was 1.31 Exajoules in 2018 and the lowest was 0.780 Exajoules in 2022.
What does the India Primary Energy Consumption data include and exclude?
Included: The data includes consumption of primary energy from major energy sources such as coal, crude oil, natural gas, nuclear energy, hydroelectricity, wind, solar, geothermal, biomass, and other renewable energy sources. It covers energy used across different sectors, including industrial, residential, commercial, transportation, and power generation activities. The dataset accounts for energy input before transformation into secondary energy products, allowing measurement of total energy demand at the national level. It includes domestically consumed energy and follows standardized calculation methodologies based on energy statistics from national sources and international energy databases, enabling comparison of energy consumption trends among countries. Excluded: The data excludes secondary energy products after conversion, such as electricity and refined petroleum products, when measured separately from their original primary energy inputs. It does not represent only electricity consumption or final energy consumption by end users. The indicator does not directly measure energy efficiency, energy affordability, carbon emissions, or the quality and reliability of energy services. Energy losses occurring during energy transformation, distribution, and transmission are accounted for according to the methodology used but do not represent actual useful energy consumed by consumers. Minor differences may occur due to variations in national statistical reporting, estimation methods, and energy accounting practices.
Where does the India Primary Energy Consumption data come from?
The series is sourced from energyinst.org (https://www.energyinst.org/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/1542714/684_EI_Stat_Review_V16_DIGITAL.pdf). It covers 2015–2023 and is reported in Exajoules.
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