- Primary Energy Consumption per Capita refers to the total amount of primary energy consumed within a country divided by its total population in a given year.
Indonesia Primary Energy Consumption per Capita was 36.40 Gigajoule per Capita in 2023, down 0.3% on 2022. The Primary Energy Consumption per Capita in Indonesia Between 2015 and 2023, highlighting per person energy use, consumption trends, and efficiency patterns reflects a steadily increasing energy demand profile driven by rapid urbanization, industrial expansion, and population growth. It rose from 25.9 GJ per capita in 2015 to 36.4 GJ in 2023 indicating strong long term growth in per capita energy consumption.
Indonesia Primary Energy Consumption per Capita moved from 25.90 Gigajoule per Capita in 2015 to 36.40 Gigajoule per Capita in 2023 (+40.5%), an average of +4.3% a year. The series high was 36.50 Gigajoule per Capita in 2022 and the low 25.90 Gigajoule per Capita in 2015.
The gap between the series high (2022) and low (2015) is 10.60 Gigajoule per Capita. The sharpest single-year move was +25.4% in 2022.
Among the 37 countries in this dataset, Indonesia ranks 34 for 2023, behind Singapore (577 Gigajoule per Capita) and UAE (539.4 Gigajoule per Capita). The global figure for 2023 is 77.00 Gigajoule per Capita, so Indonesia is below it.
Full series
Complete annual series with year-on-year change. Values are reported in Gigajoule per Capita.
Scroll the table sideways to see all columns.
| Year | Gigajoule per Capita | Change vs prior year |
|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 36.40 | −0.3% |
| 2022Peak | 36.50 | +25.4% |
| 2021 | 29.10 | +1.4% |
| 2020 | 28.70 | −6.5% |
| 2019 | 30.70 | +5.9% |
| 2018 | 29.00 | +8.2% |
| 2017 | 26.80 | +2.7% |
| 2016 | 26.10 | +0.8% |
| 2015 Trough | 25.90 | — |
Regional context
Primary Energy Consumption per Capita by country, 2023, Gigajoule per Capita. Indonesia is highlighted.
Data definition
Primary Energy Consumption per Capita — - Primary Energy Consumption per Capita refers to the total amount of primary energy consumed within a country divided by its total population in a given year. It is expressed as energy per person, typically measured in tonnes of oil equivalent (toe) per capita or gigajoules (GJ) per capita, depending on the dataset. This indicator reflects the average energy use of an individual in a country and provides insight into national energy intensity, living standards, industrialization levels, and economic structure. It is widely used to compare energy consumption patterns across countries and to assess trends in energy demand relative to population size.
The data includes total primary energy consumption from all major sources such as coal, oil, natural gas, nuclear energy, hydroelectric power, and renewable energy sources including wind, solar, biomass, and geothermal. It considers the full national energy supply before conversion losses and divides it by the mid-year population to derive per capita values. The indicator covers energy used across all sectors, including residential, industrial, commercial, transportation, and power generation activities. It reflects both direct energy use and energy used for electricity generation and other transformation processes, ensuring a comprehensive representation of national energy demand per person.
The data excludes energy consumption after transformation into final energy forms such as electricity and refined petroleum products when considered separately from primary inputs. It does not isolate sector-specific per capita consumption (e.g., industrial or household-only energy use). The indicator does not account for energy efficiency, affordability, or access disparities among population groups. It also does not measure emissions, environmental impacts, or energy service quality such as reliability and continuity of supply. Differences in statistical methodologies, conversion factors, and population estimation methods across countries may result in minor variations in comparability.
Primary Energy Consumption per Capita — - Primary Energy Consumption per Capita refers to the total amount of primary energy consumed within a country divided by its total population in a given year. It is expressed as energy per person, typically measured in tonnes of oil equivalent (toe) per capita or gigajoules (GJ) per capita, depending on the dataset. This indicator reflects the average energy use of an individual in a country and provides insight into national energy intensity, living standards, industrialization levels, and economic structure. It is widely used to compare energy consumption patterns across countries and to assess trends in energy demand relative to population size.
From 2015 to 2019 consumption increased steadily supported by infrastructure development transportation growth and expanding industrial activity particularly in manufacturing sectors. In 2020 consumption declined to 28.7 GJ per capita due to pandemic related disruptions in mobility and industrial output however the decline remained moderate compared to global averages. From 2021 to 2023 consumption recovered strongly reaching 29.1 36.5 and 36.4 GJ per capita respectively driven by economic reopening rising transport demand and expansion of industrial production capacity. Overall Indonesia demonstrates a strong upward trend in per capita energy consumption reflecting ongoing structural economic transformation and increasing development intensity. The energy consumption profile is strongly influenced by transportation fuel use electricity demand and industrial production growth across major islands. Continued investment in power generation capacity and renewable energy development is expected to shape future consumption patterns. This dataset is valuable for assessing energy access improvements supporting infrastructure planning and evaluating long term economic development trends across the archipelago. It also provides a baseline for regional comparison forecasting and policy formulation aimed at balancing growth with sustainability and energy efficiency objectives. Indonesia's evolving energy landscape highlights the importance of diversifying energy sources improving efficiency and strengthening grid infrastructure to meet rising demand sustainably. Future outlook remains positive with continued economic growth and industrial expansion expected to drive further demand regionally.
Using this data in a report, paper or presentation? Copy a formatted citation.
Definition- Primary Energy Consumption per Capita refers to the total amount of primary energy consumed within a country divided by its total population in a given year. It is expressed as energy per person, typically measured in tonnes of oil equivalent (toe) per capita or gigajoules (GJ) per capita, depending on the dataset. This indicator reflects the average energy use of an individual in a country and provides insight into national energy intensity, living standards, industrialization levels, and economic structure. It is widely used to compare energy consumption patterns across countries and to assess trends in energy demand relative to population size.
Indonesia Primary Energy Consumption per Capita was 36.40 Gigajoule per Capita in 2023, down 0.3% on 2022.
Indonesia Primary Energy Consumption per Capita moved from 25.90 Gigajoule per Capita in 2015 to 36.40 Gigajoule per Capita in 2023 (+40.5%), an average of +4.3% a year. The series high was 36.50 Gigajoule per Capita in 2022 and the low 25.90 Gigajoule per Capita in 2015.
The highest value was 36.50 Gigajoule per Capita in 2022 and the lowest was 25.90 Gigajoule per Capita in 2015.
Included: The data includes total primary energy consumption from all major sources such as coal, oil, natural gas, nuclear energy, hydroelectric power, and renewable energy sources including wind, solar, biomass, and geothermal. It considers the full national energy supply before conversion losses and divides it by the mid-year population to derive per capita values. The indicator covers energy used across all sectors, including residential, industrial, commercial, transportation, and power generation activities. It reflects both direct energy use and energy used for electricity generation and other transformation processes, ensuring a comprehensive representation of national energy demand per person. Excluded: The data excludes energy consumption after transformation into final energy forms such as electricity and refined petroleum products when considered separately from primary inputs. It does not isolate sector-specific per capita consumption (e.g., industrial or household-only energy use). The indicator does not account for energy efficiency, affordability, or access disparities among population groups. It also does not measure emissions, environmental impacts, or energy service quality such as reliability and continuity of supply. Differences in statistical methodologies, conversion factors, and population estimation methods across countries may result in minor variations in comparability.
The series is sourced from energyinst.org (https://www.energyinst.org/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/1542714/684_EI_Stat_Review_V16_DIGITAL.pdf). It covers 2015–2023 and is reported in Gigajoule per Capita.
Need more data?
Need a longer historical series, a custom country set, additional dimensions, or a tailored dataset? Send us your requirement.