- Primary Energy Consumption per Capita refers to the total amount of primary energy consumed within a country divided by its total population in a given year.
Asia-Pacific Primary Energy Consumption per Capita was 67.30 Gigajoule per Capita in 2023, up 4% on 2022. The Asia-Pacific regional Primary Energy Consumption per Capita over 2015–2023 reflects a diverse and evolving energy landscape shaped by industrialisation, urbanisation, and structural economic change. The regional average rises from 56.2 GJ per capita in 2015 to 67.3 in 2023, indicating steady growth in per-person energy demand supported by improving living standards and expanding industrial activity.
Asia-Pacific Primary Energy Consumption per Capita moved from 56.20 Gigajoule per Capita in 2015 to 67.30 Gigajoule per Capita in 2023 (+19.8%), an average of +2.3% a year. The series high was 67.30 Gigajoule per Capita in 2023 and the low 56.20 Gigajoule per Capita in 2015.
The gap between the series high (2023) and low (2015) is 11.10 Gigajoule per Capita. The sharpest single-year move was +4.8% in 2021.
Within Asia-Pacific, Singapore has the highest value in 2023 at 577 Gigajoule per Capita.
Country ranking
Gigajoule per Capita. Sort by any column, or search for a country.
Asia-Pacific average, 2023: 67.30 Gigajoule per Capita. Per-capita values are averages, not additive totals.
Scroll the table sideways to see all columns.
| Rank↕ | Country↕ | Share of top | Gigajoule per Capita↕ | vs 2022 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Singapore | 577 | +8.6% | |
| 2 | South Korea | 240.1 | −2.4% | |
| 3 | Australia | 227.7 | −0.3% | |
| 4 | Taiwan | 189.3 | −4.7% | |
| 5 | Japan | 141.2 | −2.9% | |
| 6 | Malaysia | 140.1 | −0.8% | |
| 7 | China | 119.8 | +6.6% | |
| 8 | Thailand | 69.70 | 0% | |
| 9 | Vietnam | 49.50 | +8.6% | |
| 10 | Indonesia | 36.40 | −0.3% | |
| 11 | India | 27.30 | +6.2% | |
| 12 | Philippines | 18.70 | +5.1% |
By region
Gigajoule per Capita, 2023. Each bar is that region's total.
Full series
Complete annual series with year-on-year change. Values are reported in Gigajoule per Capita.
Scroll the table sideways to see all columns.
| Year | Gigajoule per Capita | Change vs prior year |
|---|---|---|
| 2023Peak | 67.30 | +4% |
| 2022 | 64.70 | +1.9% |
| 2021 | 63.50 | +4.8% |
| 2020 | 60.60 | −1.1% |
| 2019 | 61.30 | +2.3% |
| 2018 | 59.90 | +3.3% |
| 2017 | 58.00 | +3.2% |
| 2016 | 56.20 | 0% |
| 2015 Trough | 56.20 | — |
Data definition
Primary Energy Consumption per Capita — - Primary Energy Consumption per Capita refers to the total amount of primary energy consumed within a country divided by its total population in a given year. It is expressed as energy per person, typically measured in tonnes of oil equivalent (toe) per capita or gigajoules (GJ) per capita, depending on the dataset. This indicator reflects the average energy use of an individual in a country and provides insight into national energy intensity, living standards, industrialization levels, and economic structure. It is widely used to compare energy consumption patterns across countries and to assess trends in energy demand relative to population size.
The data includes total primary energy consumption from all major sources such as coal, oil, natural gas, nuclear energy, hydroelectric power, and renewable energy sources including wind, solar, biomass, and geothermal. It considers the full national energy supply before conversion losses and divides it by the mid-year population to derive per capita values. The indicator covers energy used across all sectors, including residential, industrial, commercial, transportation, and power generation activities. It reflects both direct energy use and energy used for electricity generation and other transformation processes, ensuring a comprehensive representation of national energy demand per person.
The data excludes energy consumption after transformation into final energy forms such as electricity and refined petroleum products when considered separately from primary inputs. It does not isolate sector-specific per capita consumption (e.g., industrial or household-only energy use). The indicator does not account for energy efficiency, affordability, or access disparities among population groups. It also does not measure emissions, environmental impacts, or energy service quality such as reliability and continuity of supply. Differences in statistical methodologies, conversion factors, and population estimation methods across countries may result in minor variations in comparability.
Primary Energy Consumption per Capita — - Primary Energy Consumption per Capita refers to the total amount of primary energy consumed within a country divided by its total population in a given year. It is expressed as energy per person, typically measured in tonnes of oil equivalent (toe) per capita or gigajoules (GJ) per capita, depending on the dataset. This indicator reflects the average energy use of an individual in a country and provides insight into national energy intensity, living standards, industrialization levels, and economic structure. It is widely used to compare energy consumption patterns across countries and to assess trends in energy demand relative to population size.
A temporary decline in 2020 due to pandemic disruptions is followed by a consistent recovery trend across most economies.
At the country level, China records a strong increase from 90.8 to 119.8 GJ per capita, driven by manufacturing expansion and infrastructure development. Japan shows a gradual decline from 151.7 to 141.2, reflecting efficiency gains and structural shifts toward less energy-intensive sectors. South Korea remains among the highest consumers, fluctuating around 233–246 before settling at 240.1 in 2023 supported by its advanced industrial base.
Emerging economies show notable upward momentum. India increases from 21.6 to 27.3, Vietnam from 32.3 to 49.5, and Indonesia from 25.9 to 36.4, driven by electrification, industrialisation, and rising domestic demand. The Philippines and Thailand also record moderate growth, with Thailand reaching about 69.7 GJ per capita by 2023.
High-consumption economies remain distinct. Singapore rises from 559.7 to 577 GJ per capita, reflecting its energy-intensive refining and services sectors. Australia stays relatively stable between 220 and 242, while Malaysia and Taiwan exhibit mild fluctuations with slight adjustments linked to efficiency improvements.
Overall, Asia-Pacific continues to show a clear upward trajectory in per capita energy consumption, led by rapid growth in emerging economies and sustained high usage in advanced markets, reinforcing its significance in global energy demand expansion with continued industrial diversification and energy transition dynamics shaping future demand.
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Definition- Primary Energy Consumption per Capita refers to the total amount of primary energy consumed within a country divided by its total population in a given year. It is expressed as energy per person, typically measured in tonnes of oil equivalent (toe) per capita or gigajoules (GJ) per capita, depending on the dataset. This indicator reflects the average energy use of an individual in a country and provides insight into national energy intensity, living standards, industrialization levels, and economic structure. It is widely used to compare energy consumption patterns across countries and to assess trends in energy demand relative to population size.
Asia-Pacific Primary Energy Consumption per Capita was 67.30 Gigajoule per Capita in 2023, up 4% on 2022.
Asia-Pacific Primary Energy Consumption per Capita moved from 56.20 Gigajoule per Capita in 2015 to 67.30 Gigajoule per Capita in 2023 (+19.8%), an average of +2.3% a year. The series high was 67.30 Gigajoule per Capita in 2023 and the low 56.20 Gigajoule per Capita in 2015.
The highest value was 67.30 Gigajoule per Capita in 2023 and the lowest was 56.20 Gigajoule per Capita in 2015.
Included: The data includes total primary energy consumption from all major sources such as coal, oil, natural gas, nuclear energy, hydroelectric power, and renewable energy sources including wind, solar, biomass, and geothermal. It considers the full national energy supply before conversion losses and divides it by the mid-year population to derive per capita values. The indicator covers energy used across all sectors, including residential, industrial, commercial, transportation, and power generation activities. It reflects both direct energy use and energy used for electricity generation and other transformation processes, ensuring a comprehensive representation of national energy demand per person. Excluded: The data excludes energy consumption after transformation into final energy forms such as electricity and refined petroleum products when considered separately from primary inputs. It does not isolate sector-specific per capita consumption (e.g., industrial or household-only energy use). The indicator does not account for energy efficiency, affordability, or access disparities among population groups. It also does not measure emissions, environmental impacts, or energy service quality such as reliability and continuity of supply. Differences in statistical methodologies, conversion factors, and population estimation methods across countries may result in minor variations in comparability.
The series is sourced from energyinst.org (https://www.energyinst.org/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/1542714/684_EI_Stat_Review_V16_DIGITAL.pdf). It covers 2015–2023 and is reported in Gigajoule per Capita.
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