- Primary Energy Consumption per Capita refers to the total amount of primary energy consumed within a country divided by its total population in a given year.
Singapore Primary Energy Consumption per Capita was 577 Gigajoule per Capita in 2023, up 8.6% on 2022. The Primary Energy Consumption per Capita in Singapore Between 2015 and 2023, highlighting per person energy use, consumption trends, and efficiency patterns reflects an exceptionally high and relatively volatile energy consumption profile driven by its advanced industrial base, petrochemical refining hub, and energy intensive export oriented economy.
Singapore Primary Energy Consumption per Capita moved from 559.7 Gigajoule per Capita in 2015 to 577 Gigajoule per Capita in 2023 (+3.1%), an average of +0.4% a year. The series high was 593.3 Gigajoule per Capita in 2017 and the low 531.3 Gigajoule per Capita in 2022.
The gap between the series high (2017) and low (2022) is 62.00 Gigajoule per Capita. The sharpest single-year move was +8.6% in 2023.
Among the 37 countries in this dataset, Singapore ranks 1 for 2023. The global figure for 2023 is 77.00 Gigajoule per Capita, so Singapore is above it.
Full series
Complete annual series with year-on-year change. Values are reported in Gigajoule per Capita.
Scroll the table sideways to see all columns.
| Year | Gigajoule per Capita | Change vs prior year |
|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 577 | +8.6% |
| 2022 Trough | 531.3 | −3.7% |
| 2021 | 551.8 | −0.5% |
| 2020 | 554.6 | −2.8% |
| 2019 | 570.5 | −3.1% |
| 2018 | 588.5 | −0.8% |
| 2017Peak | 593.3 | +1.6% |
| 2016 | 584.1 | +4.4% |
| 2015 | 559.7 | — |
Regional context
Primary Energy Consumption per Capita by country, 2023, Gigajoule per Capita. Singapore is highlighted.
Data definition
Primary Energy Consumption per Capita — - Primary Energy Consumption per Capita refers to the total amount of primary energy consumed within a country divided by its total population in a given year. It is expressed as energy per person, typically measured in tonnes of oil equivalent (toe) per capita or gigajoules (GJ) per capita, depending on the dataset. This indicator reflects the average energy use of an individual in a country and provides insight into national energy intensity, living standards, industrialization levels, and economic structure. It is widely used to compare energy consumption patterns across countries and to assess trends in energy demand relative to population size.
The data includes total primary energy consumption from all major sources such as coal, oil, natural gas, nuclear energy, hydroelectric power, and renewable energy sources including wind, solar, biomass, and geothermal. It considers the full national energy supply before conversion losses and divides it by the mid-year population to derive per capita values. The indicator covers energy used across all sectors, including residential, industrial, commercial, transportation, and power generation activities. It reflects both direct energy use and energy used for electricity generation and other transformation processes, ensuring a comprehensive representation of national energy demand per person.
The data excludes energy consumption after transformation into final energy forms such as electricity and refined petroleum products when considered separately from primary inputs. It does not isolate sector-specific per capita consumption (e.g., industrial or household-only energy use). The indicator does not account for energy efficiency, affordability, or access disparities among population groups. It also does not measure emissions, environmental impacts, or energy service quality such as reliability and continuity of supply. Differences in statistical methodologies, conversion factors, and population estimation methods across countries may result in minor variations in comparability.
Primary Energy Consumption per Capita — - Primary Energy Consumption per Capita refers to the total amount of primary energy consumed within a country divided by its total population in a given year. It is expressed as energy per person, typically measured in tonnes of oil equivalent (toe) per capita or gigajoules (GJ) per capita, depending on the dataset. This indicator reflects the average energy use of an individual in a country and provides insight into national energy intensity, living standards, industrialization levels, and economic structure. It is widely used to compare energy consumption patterns across countries and to assess trends in energy demand relative to population size.
It increased from 559.7 GJ per capita in 2015 to 577.0 GJ in 2023 indicating overall stability with cyclical fluctuations. Between 2015 and 2017 consumption rose steadily from 559.7 to 593.3 GJ per capita supported by strong industrial output refining activities and robust global trade demand. From 2018 to 2020 consumption gradually declined from 588.5 to 554.6 GJ per capita influenced by global trade slowdown and pandemic related disruptions affecting industrial and transport fuel demand. In 2021 and 2022 consumption further decreased to 551.8 and 531.3 GJ per capita reflecting continued global supply chain constraints and reduced industrial throughput. However in 2023 consumption rebounded sharply to 577.0 GJ per capita indicating recovery in manufacturing activity petrochemical demand and international trade flows. Overall Singapore demonstrates one of the highest per capita energy consumption levels globally due to its role as a major refining and logistics hub. The dataset highlights the structural dependence on energy intensive industries particularly oil refining petrochemicals and shipping services which significantly elevate per capita energy metrics. Despite fluctuations the long term pattern remains broadly stable reflecting a mature industrial economy with cyclical energy demand shifts. Additionally the dataset underscores the importance of efficiency improvements energy diversification and transition toward lower carbon industrial processes. Future trends are likely to be influenced by decarbonization strategies industrial upgrading and global trade cycles while maintaining high energy intensity relative to population size.
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Definition- Primary Energy Consumption per Capita refers to the total amount of primary energy consumed within a country divided by its total population in a given year. It is expressed as energy per person, typically measured in tonnes of oil equivalent (toe) per capita or gigajoules (GJ) per capita, depending on the dataset. This indicator reflects the average energy use of an individual in a country and provides insight into national energy intensity, living standards, industrialization levels, and economic structure. It is widely used to compare energy consumption patterns across countries and to assess trends in energy demand relative to population size.
Singapore Primary Energy Consumption per Capita was 577 Gigajoule per Capita in 2023, up 8.6% on 2022.
Singapore Primary Energy Consumption per Capita moved from 559.7 Gigajoule per Capita in 2015 to 577 Gigajoule per Capita in 2023 (+3.1%), an average of +0.4% a year. The series high was 593.3 Gigajoule per Capita in 2017 and the low 531.3 Gigajoule per Capita in 2022.
The highest value was 593.3 Gigajoule per Capita in 2017 and the lowest was 531.3 Gigajoule per Capita in 2022.
Included: The data includes total primary energy consumption from all major sources such as coal, oil, natural gas, nuclear energy, hydroelectric power, and renewable energy sources including wind, solar, biomass, and geothermal. It considers the full national energy supply before conversion losses and divides it by the mid-year population to derive per capita values. The indicator covers energy used across all sectors, including residential, industrial, commercial, transportation, and power generation activities. It reflects both direct energy use and energy used for electricity generation and other transformation processes, ensuring a comprehensive representation of national energy demand per person. Excluded: The data excludes energy consumption after transformation into final energy forms such as electricity and refined petroleum products when considered separately from primary inputs. It does not isolate sector-specific per capita consumption (e.g., industrial or household-only energy use). The indicator does not account for energy efficiency, affordability, or access disparities among population groups. It also does not measure emissions, environmental impacts, or energy service quality such as reliability and continuity of supply. Differences in statistical methodologies, conversion factors, and population estimation methods across countries may result in minor variations in comparability.
The series is sourced from energyinst.org (https://www.energyinst.org/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/1542714/684_EI_Stat_Review_V16_DIGITAL.pdf). It covers 2015–2023 and is reported in Gigajoule per Capita.
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