Broadly stable
Thailand Primary Energy Consumption moved from 4.96 Exajoules in 2015 to 5.01 Exajoules in 2023 (+1%), an average of +0.1% a year. The series high was 5.33 Exajoules in 2019 and the low 4.95 Exajoules in 2020.
What Thailand Primary Energy Consumption shows
Thailand Primary Energy Consumption was 5.01 Exajoules in 2023, up 0.2% on 2022. The Primary Energy Consumption dataset of Thailand from 2015 to 2023 provides a comprehensive overview of the country’s energy consumption landscape, highlighting total energy demand, consumption patterns, and long-term changes in the overall energy system.
A 7.1% peak-to-trough swing
The gap between the series high (2019) and low (2020) is 0.380 Exajoules. The sharpest single-year move was −7.1% in 2020.
Ranks 19 of 37 countries covered
Among the 37 countries in this dataset, Thailand ranks 19 for 2023, behind China (170.7 Exajoules) and U.S. (94.28 Exajoules). It accounts for 0.8% of the global total in 2023.
Full series
Thailand Primary Energy Consumption by year
Complete annual series with year-on-year change. Values are reported in Exajoules.
Scroll the table sideways to see all columns.
| Year | Exajoules | Change vs prior year |
|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 5.01 | +0.2% |
| 2022 | 5.00 | +0.2% |
| 2021 | 4.99 | +0.8% |
| 2020 Trough | 4.95 | −7.1% |
| 2019Peak | 5.33 | +0.2% |
| 2018 | 5.32 | +3.1% |
| 2017 | 5.16 | +2% |
| 2016 | 5.06 | +2% |
| 2015 | 4.96 | — |
Regional context
How Thailand compares in Asia-Pacific
Primary Energy Consumption by country, 2023, Exajoules. Thailand is highlighted.
1China170.7
2Japan17.40
3South Korea12.43
4Indonesia10.10
5Australia6.02
6Thailand5.01
7Vietnam4.89
8Malaysia4.81
Data definition
Inclusions and exclusions
Primary Energy Consumption — - Primary Energy Consumption refers to the total amount of energy consumed by a country before conversion into secondary energy forms such as electricity, heat, or refined fuels. It represents the consumption of energy from primary sources including fossil fuels, nuclear energy, and renewable energy sources within a given year. The metric is generally measured in Exajoules (EJ) and provides an overview of a country’s overall energy demand, economic activity, industrial development, and energy system structure. Primary Energy Consumption is an important indicator for evaluating energy usage patterns, resource dependence, energy security, and long-term energy transition trends across countries.
The data includes consumption of primary energy from major energy sources such as coal, crude oil, natural gas, nuclear energy, hydroelectricity, wind, solar, geothermal, biomass, and other renewable energy sources. It covers energy used across different sectors, including industrial, residential, commercial, transportation, and power generation activities. The dataset accounts for energy input before transformation into secondary energy products, allowing measurement of total energy demand at the national level. It includes domestically consumed energy and follows standardized calculation methodologies based on energy statistics from national sources and international energy databases, enabling comparison of energy consumption trends among countries.
The data excludes secondary energy products after conversion, such as electricity and refined petroleum products, when measured separately from their original primary energy inputs. It does not represent only electricity consumption or final energy consumption by end users. The indicator does not directly measure energy efficiency, energy affordability, carbon emissions, or the quality and reliability of energy services. Energy losses occurring during energy transformation, distribution, and transmission are accounted for according to the methodology used but do not represent actual useful energy consumed by consumers. Minor differences may occur due to variations in national statistical reporting, estimation methods, and energy accounting practices.
About this indicator
Primary Energy Consumption — - Primary Energy Consumption refers to the total amount of energy consumed by a country before conversion into secondary energy forms such as electricity, heat, or refined fuels. It represents the consumption of energy from primary sources including fossil fuels, nuclear energy, and renewable energy sources within a given year. The metric is generally measured in Exajoules (EJ) and provides an overview of a country’s overall energy demand, economic activity, industrial development, and energy system structure. Primary Energy Consumption is an important indicator for evaluating energy usage patterns, resource dependence, energy security, and long-term energy transition trends across countries.
Measured in Exajoules (EJ), the dataset represents the total primary energy consumed across the country and serves as an important indicator of energy utilization, economic activity, and infrastructure development.
Thailand recorded primary energy consumption of 4.96 EJ in 2015, increasing to 5.06 EJ in 2016 and 5.16 EJ in 2017. Consumption continued to rise to 5.32 EJ in 2018 and reached 5.33 EJ in 2019, reflecting increasing energy demand associated with economic activities. In 2020, consumption declined to 4.95 EJ due to reduced economic activity and changing energy requirements. Consumption recovered slightly in 2021 to 4.99 EJ and remained stable at 5.00 EJ in 2022. In 2023, Thailand recorded primary energy consumption of 5.01 EJ, showing a stable recovery trend.
Overall, the dataset indicates a gradual increase in Thailand’s primary energy consumption from 2015 to 2023, despite temporary fluctuations. The growth observed before 2020 reflects expanding economic activity, industrial development, and increasing energy requirements. The decline during 2020 was followed by stabilization, indicating recovery and continued energy demand.
The dataset provides valuable insights into Thailand’s energy consumption trends, demand patterns, and long-term energy system changes. It supports research related to energy planning, sustainability assessment, infrastructure development, and policy evaluation. Furthermore, the data serves as an important reference for researchers, analysts, and policymakers studying energy efficiency, consumption trends, and future energy development strategies in Thailand.
- Indicator
- Primary Energy Consumption
- Country
- Thailand
- Region
- Asia-Pacific
- Unit
- Exajoules
- Coverage
- 2015–2023, annual
- Category
- Energy & Power
- Last updated
- July 2026
- Source
- energyinst.org
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Frequently asked questions
What is Thailand Primary Energy Consumption?
Definition- Primary Energy Consumption refers to the total amount of energy consumed by a country before conversion into secondary energy forms such as electricity, heat, or refined fuels. It represents the consumption of energy from primary sources including fossil fuels, nuclear energy, and renewable energy sources within a given year. The metric is generally measured in Exajoules (EJ) and provides an overview of a country’s overall energy demand, economic activity, industrial development, and energy system structure. Primary Energy Consumption is an important indicator for evaluating energy usage patterns, resource dependence, energy security, and long-term energy transition trends across countries.
What was Thailand Primary Energy Consumption in 2023?
Thailand Primary Energy Consumption was 5.01 Exajoules in 2023, up 0.2% on 2022.
How has Thailand Primary Energy Consumption changed between 2015 and 2023?
Thailand Primary Energy Consumption moved from 4.96 Exajoules in 2015 to 5.01 Exajoules in 2023 (+1%), an average of +0.1% a year. The series high was 5.33 Exajoules in 2019 and the low 4.95 Exajoules in 2020.
Which year had the highest and lowest Thailand Primary Energy Consumption?
The highest value was 5.33 Exajoules in 2019 and the lowest was 4.95 Exajoules in 2020.
What does the Thailand Primary Energy Consumption data include and exclude?
Included: The data includes consumption of primary energy from major energy sources such as coal, crude oil, natural gas, nuclear energy, hydroelectricity, wind, solar, geothermal, biomass, and other renewable energy sources. It covers energy used across different sectors, including industrial, residential, commercial, transportation, and power generation activities. The dataset accounts for energy input before transformation into secondary energy products, allowing measurement of total energy demand at the national level. It includes domestically consumed energy and follows standardized calculation methodologies based on energy statistics from national sources and international energy databases, enabling comparison of energy consumption trends among countries. Excluded: The data excludes secondary energy products after conversion, such as electricity and refined petroleum products, when measured separately from their original primary energy inputs. It does not represent only electricity consumption or final energy consumption by end users. The indicator does not directly measure energy efficiency, energy affordability, carbon emissions, or the quality and reliability of energy services. Energy losses occurring during energy transformation, distribution, and transmission are accounted for according to the methodology used but do not represent actual useful energy consumed by consumers. Minor differences may occur due to variations in national statistical reporting, estimation methods, and energy accounting practices.
Where does the Thailand Primary Energy Consumption data come from?
The series is sourced from energyinst.org (https://www.energyinst.org/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/1542714/684_EI_Stat_Review_V16_DIGITAL.pdf). It covers 2015–2023 and is reported in Exajoules.
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