Indian States Ranked by EV Adoption and Charging Infrastructure

About This Research

National EV totals hide the questions that matter to charging operators, vehicle makers and state policymakers: which states are adopting vehicles fastest, where the charging network is thick or thin, and where the two diverge. This report ranks India's 28 states on private EV adoption, then sets each state's public charging stations and charging load beside that ranking.

The evidence comes from three state-level government datasets: NITI Aayog's India Electric Mobility Index 2025 (private and commercial EV adoption), the Ministry of Heavy Industries state-wise charging station table of December 2025, and the Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) State Energy Efficiency Index 2025 (EV counts and operational public chargers). National registration and programme context comes from the Ministry of Heavy Industries and the PM E-DRIVE dashboard. The datasets differ in date and definition, so NMSC places them side by side and calculates ratios only from inputs that share a source.

Market Pulse Metrics

At-a-glance benchmarks, each tied to a dated government source.

NMSC analysis of Ministry of Heavy Industries, NITI Aayog and BEE data
https://www.nextmsc.com/industry-deep-dive/india-ev-adoption-charging-infrastructure

Executive Summary

• Adoption leaders and charging leaders differ. Kerala and Goa lead private EV adoption at 12%, but rank 7th and 22nd among states and UTs for public stations (1,389 and 156). Karnataka is the one state that is near the top on both measures: 11% adoption, 6,096 stations and the lowest charging load (111.9 EVs per operational station) among the 17 large markets.
• The network is concentrated. The ten largest states and UTs hold 22,632 of 29,151 stations (77.6%). Fast chargers are 30.2% of stations nationally, from 12.3% in Karnataka to 53.6% in Andhra Pradesh among states with at least 300 stations.
• Charging load is heaviest where commercial EVs lead. Bihar (1,039 EVs per operational station), Assam (910) and Uttar Pradesh (669) carry the heaviest loads, and rank 7th, 2nd and 5th on NITI's commercial adoption list while ranking 18th, 21st and 12th for private adoption.
• Programme delivery is uneven by segment. On the PM E-DRIVE dashboard, e-3W (L5) registrations are at 99.0% of target, e-2Ws at 75.4%, e-rickshaws and e-carts at 8.8%, and e-trucks at 2 of 5,643.

Why this matters: a single national charger count cannot guide siting or policy. The state data point to two different problems: dense networks that still run on a high share of slow chargers, and thin networks serving large, commercially led EV fleets. The inference about commercial fleets is NMSC's reading; the sources do not break EV counts down by vehicle type.

National Context: EV Registrations Since FY2019-20

Annual registered EVs in the Vahan-based series rose from 1.74 lakh in FY2019-20 to 19.68 lakh in FY2024-25, an 11.3-fold increase. The series dipped in FY2020-21 (1.43 lakh, down 17.8%), then rose to 4.59 lakh in FY2021-22 and 11.83 lakh in FY2022-23, which is more than 2.5 times the previous year. Growth in the latest year of the series was slower in percentage terms: 19.68 lakh against 16.81 lakh in FY2023-24, up 17.1%.

More recent figures come from a different source type. NITI Aayog's index reports national EV penetration of 8.25% for 2025-26 (the Ministry of Heavy Industries reports 8.2% for FY2025-26), more than 8.7 million EVs on the road and roughly 2.5 million registrations during 2025-26, about 25% above 2024-25. That is consistent with the 19.68 lakh figure for FY2024-25, but NITI's report is an analytical publication, not a Vahan table, so NMSC keeps the two series separate.

How States Are Ranked

Private EV adoption (the ranking basis)

The ranking uses NITI Aayog's private EV adoption indicator for calendar year 2025: private electric two- and four-wheelers as a share of all private two- and four-wheelers. It is published in whole percentages, so ties are common, and it is not an all-vehicle EV share. NITI ranks the 28 states; Union Territories have values but no state rank, so they are excluded from the ranking and shown in the charging dataset.

Charging stations and fast-charger share

Station counts come from the Ministry of Heavy Industries table of 16 December 2025 and cover stations installed during the last five years, split into fast and slow. It is not a live census of every public charger in the country.

Charging load

NMSC calculates EVs per operational public charging station from two BEE 2025 counts: the state's EV count and its operational public charging infrastructure. BEE's own ratio column is not used because its units are not uniform across states. BEE's counts are not reconciled with NITI's or the Ministry's, so the ratio is a relative indicator of pressure, not a measure of adequacy.

What is not combined

NMSC does not build a composite score. NITI's adoption data (calendar 2025), the Ministry's station table (December 2025) and BEE's index (2025 report) cover different periods and definitions. The oil-marketing-company (OMC) tracker, dated March 2026, is a separate series and is never added to the 29,151 total.

State Ranking Matrix: Adoption and Charging

Table 1 ranks the 28 states by NITI's private EV adoption indicator and sets each state's public stations, fast-charger share and charging load beside it. The ten leading rows are shown below. The remaining states are available through "Access for more", which opens the Project Dataset Explorer at the end of this page.

Table 1. State ranking by private EV adoption (NITI IEMI 2025, calendar year 2025), with public charging stations (Dec 2025), fast-charger share, and EVs per operational public station (BEE 2025).

NMSC analysis of NITI Aayog IEMI 2025, Ministry of Heavy Industries and BEE data
https://www.nextmsc.com/industry-deep-dive/india-ev-adoption-charging-infrastructure

How to read the table

Rank and adoption come from NITI, stations and fast share from the Ministry, and the last column from BEE. The columns are therefore different measures of different years. The useful reading is the pattern across them. Karnataka is the only state in the top three for adoption with the largest station count. Odisha ranks 4th for adoption (9%) but 15th of 36 states and UTs on stations (606) and shows a load of 387.9 EVs per operational station. Madhya Pradesh (7%, 1,146 stations, load 352.7) and Rajasthan (6%, 1,515 stations, load 330.9) show a similar pattern of mid-table adoption with a heavier load than the southern and western leaders.

Adoption Leaders and Laggards

Leaders: Kerala, Goa, Karnataka and Odisha

Kerala and Goa tie at 12%, followed by Karnataka (11%) and Odisha (9%). Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu and Telangana share fifth place at 8%, and Madhya Pradesh and Andhra Pradesh sit at 7%. Goa is a small market: it has 156 public stations and 36,009 EVs in the BEE data, so its 12% reflects a high share of a small vehicle base rather than a large charging build-out.

Large EV bases with low private adoption

Uttar Pradesh ranks 12th at 4% private adoption but holds the largest EV count in the BEE data, 1,404,448, or 19.3% of the 7,290,226 EVs summed across the BEE rows. Bihar (2%, rank 18) reports 403,057 EVs and Assam (1%, rank 21) 279,245. Low private adoption in these states sits beside large EV counts, which points to electrification that is not captured by the private two- and four-wheeler indicator.

Commercial adoption tells a different story

On NITI's separate commercial indicator, Tripura leads the states at 61%, followed by Assam (49%), Manipur (39%), Uttar Pradesh (30%) and Bihar (24%). Commercial adoption uses a different denominator, so it is not comparable with the private figures. NITI ranks Union Territories in the same commercial list, which places Assam 2nd, Uttar Pradesh 5th and Bihar 7th. Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland and Sikkim report 0% private adoption in whole-percentage terms, with very small EV counts in the BEE data (317, 171 and 49).

Charging Network: Concentration and Fast-Charger Mix

Station counts in the Ministry's December 2025 table are concentrated. Karnataka's 6,096 stations are 20.9% of the national total, Maharashtra has 4,166, and Uttar Pradesh 2,316. Together these three hold 12,578 stations (43.1%), and the ten largest states and UTs hold 22,632 (77.6%). Delhi, a Union Territory, ranks fourth with 1,957.

Fast chargers: a different ranking

Fast chargers are 8,805 of the 29,151 stations (30.2%) nationally. Maharashtra has the most fast chargers in absolute terms (1,205), followed by Tamil Nadu (926) and Karnataka (751). As a share of each state's own network, Andhra Pradesh (53.6%), Tamil Nadu (52.0%) and Telangana (51.6%) lead the states with at least 300 stations, while Karnataka is lowest at 12.3% and Uttar Pradesh next at 23.3%. In small networks the pattern is starker: Tripura has 4 fast chargers among 55 stations (7.3%) and Mizoram none among 13. The implication for operators is that the largest network, Karnataka's, is mainly a slow-charging network.

Charging Load: EVs per Operational Station

Dividing each state's BEE EV count by its operational public charging infrastructure gives a relative measure of how many vehicles each station serves. Across all BEE rows the average is 277.8 EVs per operational station. Small states show very low loads because their EV bases are tiny (Sikkim, for example, has 49 EVs and 11 stations), so Figure 3 is limited to the 17 states and UTs with at least 100,000 EVs.

What the load ranking shows

Karnataka's 111.9 is the lowest in the group, followed by Haryana (209.0) and Maharashtra (216.4). At the other end, Bihar (1,038.8), Assam (909.6) and Uttar Pradesh (669.1) are the most heavily loaded, followed by Chhattisgarh (545.3). The four states above 500 have private adoption of 1% to 5%. Kerala, the joint adoption leader, has a load of 234.7, comparable with Delhi (227.7) and below the 277.8 all-row average, but Odisha (387.9) and Madhya Pradesh (352.7) combine mid-to-high adoption with a heavier load. Telangana (72,806 EVs, load 74.6) falls below the 100,000 threshold, and its BEE EV count is low relative to its station count, so it is not charted.

OMC Charger Rollout by Financial Year

The oil-marketing-company tracker is a separate series from the Ministry's state table. It reports 27,737 stations installed in the five years to 1 March 2026 (net of 21 decommissioned) and 22,753 operational, so 82.0% of installed OMC stations were operational. Annual installations rose from 314 in FY2020-21 to 11,246 in FY2024-25, which is 47.0% above FY2023-24.

Table 2. OMC EV public charging stations installed by financial year, through 1 March 2026.

NMSC analysis of Ministry of Heavy Industries OMC charging tracker, 27 Mar 2026 release
https://www.nextmsc.com/industry-deep-dive/india-ev-adoption-charging-infrastructure

The FY2025-26 figure of 1,547 covers a partial year and is far below FY2024-25. The source does not explain the difference, so NMSC does not read it as a slowdown in demand. By state, Uttar Pradesh leads the OMC tracker with 3,284 installed (2,893 operational, 88.1%), followed by Karnataka (2,400), Tamil Nadu (2,286), Maharashtra (2,243) and Rajasthan (1,985). Tamil Nadu's operational share is lower, at 1,677 of 2,286 (73.4%). The OMC ranking differs from the Ministry's state table, where Karnataka leads and Uttar Pradesh is third, because the two series cover different sets of stations.

Policy Delivery: PM E-DRIVE and FAME

The PM E-DRIVE dashboard, as of 30 September 2026, shows 1,236,926 vehicles registered across all categories against a target of 1,627,459 sales, or 76.0%. This is the all-category total and should not be read as e-2W registrations: e-2Ws account for 1,075,474 of it.

Table 3. PM E-DRIVE registered vehicles against target sales by category, as of 30 Sep 2026.

NMSC analysis of Ministry of Heavy Industries PM E-DRIVE dashboard; registered (A) excludes 24,184 temporary registrations
https://www.nextmsc.com/industry-deep-dive/india-ev-adoption-charging-infrastructure

Charging support

On the charging side, the Ministry reports 6,562 chargers approved, worth ₹689 crore across three OMCs and nine states (as of 1 July 2026), against a pan-India PM E-DRIVE allocation of ₹2,000 crore for public charging (28 July 2026). Earlier programmes installed 479 charging stations under FAME-I and 9,097 under FAME-II. The state split of the 6,562 approved chargers is not in the sources reviewed, so NMSC does not map the approvals to the state ranking.

Assam and the Northeast

Charging network

Assam has 345 public stations in the December 2025 table (96 fast, 27.8%), the 19th largest of 36 states and UTs. The eight Northeast states together have 627 stations, 2.2% of the 29,151 total. In the BEE data Assam has 279,245 EVs and 307 operational public stations, a load of 909.6, the second heaviest among the 17 large markets. The OMC tracker shows 526 installed and 461 operational in Assam, a separate series that cannot be added to the Ministry's count.

Adoption: commercially led

Assam ranks 21st for private EV adoption (1%) and 2nd on NITI's commercial indicator (49%). As of 22 July 2026, PM E-DRIVE had 42,035 EVs sold in Assam, with 40,009 incentivized (95.2%) and ₹99.10 crore reimbursed to manufacturers.

Delivery gaps

Under FAME-II, Assam had 117 public charging stations sanctioned and 88 operational (75.2%) as of 1 July 2026. Of 198 EV chargers sanctioned for the Northeast through OMCs, 117 (59.1%) are in Assam. At 4 August 2026, no PM E-DRIVE public-charging proposal had been submitted for Assam. Across the Northeast, FAME-II incentivized 20,855 EVs (1.29% of the pan-India figure) and disbursed ₹134.13 crore (2.04%).

Conclusion: What the State Rankings Show

Ranking Indian states on EV adoption and on charging infrastructure produces two different lists. Kerala and Goa lead private adoption at 12%, while Karnataka, Maharashtra and Uttar Pradesh hold 43.1% of the 29,151 stations installed in the last five years. Karnataka is the only state strong on both, with 11% adoption, 6,096 stations and the lowest charging load of the 17 large markets, though its network is only 12.3% fast.

The heaviest charging loads, in Bihar, Assam and Uttar Pradesh, sit in states where commercial EVs lead and private adoption is low. That points operators and policymakers toward commercial and depot-oriented charging provision there, and toward fast-charger upgrades in the large, slow-heavy networks. PM E-DRIVE shows the same unevenness at national level, with e-3W L5 at 99.0% of target and e-trucks effectively absent. These readings rest on three state datasets of different dates, so they should be refreshed as NITI Aayog, BEE and the Ministry publish new state tables, and as a current state-level Vahan extraction becomes available.

Project Dataset Explorer

Filter the underlying state-level ranking dataset (28 states) and the charging network dataset (36 states and UTs) compiled for this report. The Excel workbook also includes the national series, OMC rollout, PM E-DRIVE and Northeast data.

28 records shown

NMSC analysis of NITI Aayog IEMI 2025, Ministry of Heavy Industries and BEE data; Excel workbook: india-ev-adoption-charging-infrastructure-dataset.xlsx
https://www.nextmsc.com/industry-deep-dive/india-ev-adoption-charging-infrastructure