Middle East ATV and UTV Market by Type (ATV and UTV), by Displacement (Below 400 cc, 400–800 cc, and above 800 cc), by Fuel Type (Gasoline Powered, Diesel Powered, and Electric Powered), and by Application (Military, Agriculture, Recreation, and Other Applications) – Opportunity Analysis and Industry Forecast, 2024–2030

Middle East ATV and UTV Market

Industry:  Automotive & Transportation | Publish Date: Feb 2024 | No of Pages:  72 | No. Tables:  67 | No. Figures:  22

Market Definition

Middle East ATV and UTV Market was valued at USD 396.56 million in 2023, and is predicted to reach USD 750.02 million by 2030, with a CAGR of 8.7% from 2024 to 2030.

All-Terrain Vehicle (ATV) is a motorized off-road vehicle designed for recreational and utility purposes. Its compact size, low-pressure tires, and handlebar steering characterize it. ATVs are designed to traverse various terrains, including dirt trails, mud, sand, and rocky surfaces. They have powerful engines and rugged suspension systems to provide excellent traction, maneuverability, and stability in challenging environments. 

ATVs usually have a four-wheel drive system, allowing them to simultaneously deliver power to all wheels for enhanced off-road performance. ATVs are primarily used for recreational activities such as off-roading and trail riding; they are also utilized in various industries for utility purposes such as agriculture, forestry, search and rescue operations, and maintenance of remote areas.

Utility Task Vehicle (UTV) is a multipurpose off-road vehicle for work and recreation. UTVs are larger and more robust than traditional ATVs as they feature a cabin-like structure with side-by-side seating for two or more occupants, offering increased passenger capacity and cargo-carrying capabilities.

UTVs are renowned for their versatility and ruggedness. They have sturdy frames, powerful engines, and advanced suspension systems to handle demanding terrains and heavy loads. Some renowned brands that offer these kinds of UTVs in the market include Polaris Inc, Yamaha, Kawasaki, Arctic Cat, John Deere, Honda, Textron Off-Road, and others.  

These vehicles are widely used in various industries and sectors, including agriculture, construction, landscaping, recreation, and public services. Their utility features include the ability to haul and tow heavy loads with ample cargo space for transporting equipment and materials.

Thus, both ATVs and UTVs are popular off-road vehicles with distinct characteristics. ATVs excel in agility, speed, and maneuverability for single riders, while UTVs prioritize passenger capacity, cargo versatility, and comfort for multi-passenger & utility applications.

Adventure Tourism Boosts Demand: Driving Growth in Vietnam's ATV and UTV Market

The surge in adventure tourism's prominence within Vietnam has sparked a notable uptick in the desire for recreational pursuits, notably including ATV and UTV riding. This trend resonates among both tourists and local residents, as they share an eagerness for exhilarating experiences. As a result, the market for ATVs and UTVs is undergoing substantial growth, fueled by the collective pursuit of thrilling escapades by those drawn to the excitement of exploring Vietnam's diverse landscapes through these vehicles.

 

Diverse Applications Driving Market Expansion: ATVs and UTVs in Agriculture, Construction, and Industry 

The versatile utilization of ATVs and UTVs across diverse sectors, including agriculture, construction, and industry, underscores their significance in bolstering efficiency and productivity. In agriculture, these vehicles navigate expansive fields for tasks such as planting, harvesting, transporting, and streamlining operations. Likewise, in construction and industry, their adaptability in transporting equipment and materials to remote locations enhances operational effectiveness. As economic progress in the region persists, the imperative for multifunctional vehicles capable of optimizing various tasks continues to drive the expansion of the ATV and UTV market.

 

Challenges of Limited Off-Road Access and Safety in the ATV and UTV Market in Middle East

Access to off-road areas for recreational use or utility purposes may be restricted or limited in certain regions due to environmental regulations, land-use policies, or private property restrictions. These limitations can hinder the widespread use and delight of ATVs and UTVs, particularly for recreational riders.

Moreover, the off-road nature of ATVs and UTVs poses inherent risks and safety concerns. Inexperienced or careless riders can be involved in accidents, leading to injuries or fatalities. Safety regulations, training requirements, and the enforcement of responsible riding practices are necessary to mitigate these risks. Thus, limited off-road access and safety concerns restrain the market's growth in the region.

Technological Advancements in the field of ATV and UTV Market in Middle East

ATVs and UTVs serve as vehicles for camping and exploring nature but also have inherent risks. The availability of more of these vehicles on the market contributes to the higher frequency of ATV and UTV accidents. The primary cause of most vehicle accidents is the failure of drivers to behave safely and responsibly. Hence, market players are introducing ATVs and UTVs with advanced GPS features to enhance safety and security. 

Therefore, the ATV is equipped with user-friendly GPS and vehicle data tracking equipment. Consequently, developing ATVs and UTVs with enhanced safety features to prevent accidents and fatalities presents a lucrative business opportunity for major ATV and UTV market players.

 

Competitive Landscape  

The Middle East ATV and UTV industry includes several market players such Polaris, Inc., BRP, Inc., Honda Motor Co., Inc., Kawasaki Heavy Industries Ltd., Yamaha Motor Co. Ltd., Textron, Inc., CF Moto, Suzuki Motor Corporation, KYMCO Group, and Kubota Corporation.

KEY BENEFITS

  • The Middle East ATV and UTV market report provides a quantitative analysis of the current market and estimations through 2024-2030 that assists in identifying the prevailing market opportunities to capitalize on.

  • The study comprises a deep dive analysis of the market trend including the current and future trends for depicting the prevalent investment pockets in the market.

  • The information related to key drivers, restraints, and opportunities and their impact on the market is provided in the report.

  • The competitive analysis of the market players along with their market share in the Middle East ATV and UTV market.

  • The SWOT analysis and Porter’s Five Forces model are elaborated in the study.

  • Value chain analysis in the market study provides a clear picture of the stakeholders’ roles.

MIDDLE EAST ATV AND UTV MARKET KEY SEGMENTS

By Type

  • ATV

  • UTV

By Displacement

  • Below 400 cc

  • 400–800 cc

  • Above 800 cc

By Fuel Type

  • Gasoline Powered

  • Diesel Powered

  • Electric Powered

By Application

  • Military

  • Agriculture

  • Recreation

  • Other Applications

REPORT SCOPE AND SEGMENTATION:

Parameters

Details

Market Size in 2023

USD 396.56 Million

Revenue Forecast in 2030

USD 750.02 Million

Growth Rate

CAGR of 8.7% from 2024 to 2030

Analysis Period

2023–2030

Base Year Considered

2023

Forecast Period

2024–2030

Market Size Estimation

Million (USD)

Growth Factors

The adventure tourism trend.

The agricultural and industrial applications.

Companies Profiled

10

Market Share

Available for 10 companies

Customization Scope

Free customization (equivalent up to 80 working hours of analysts) after purchase. Addition or alteration to country, regional, and segment scope.

Pricing and Purchase Options

Avail customized purchase options to meet your exact research needs.

Test

1      INTRODUCTION

           1.1      REPORT DESCRIPTION

           1.2      RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

                         1.2.1      SECONDARY RESEARCH

                         1.2.2      DATA ANALYSIS FRAMEWORK

                         1.2.3      MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION

                         1.2.4      FORECASTING

                         1.2.5      PRIMARY RESEARCH AND DATA VALIDATION

2      MIDDLE EAST ATV AND UTV MARKET BY TYPE

           2.1      OVERVIEW

           2.2      ATV MARKET

           2.3      UTV MARKET

3      MIDDLE EAST ATV AND UTV MARKET BY DISPLACEMENT

           3.1      OVERVIEW

           3.2      BELOW 400 CC MARKET

           3.3      400–800 CC MARKET

           3.4      ABOVE 800 CC MARKET

4      MIDDLE EAST ATV AND UTV MARKET BY FUEL TYPE

           4.1      OVERVIEW

           4.2      GASOLINE POWERED MARKET

           4.3      DIESEL POWERED MARKET

           4.4      ELECTRIC POWERED MARKET

5      MIDDLE EAST ATV AND UTV MARKET BY APPLICATION

           5.1      OVERVIEW

           5.2      MILITARY MARKET

           5.3      AGRICULTURE MARKET

           5.4      RECREATION MARKET

           5.5      OTHER APPLICATIONS MARKET

6     COMPANY PROFILES

           6.1   POLARIS, INC

                         6.1.1   COMPANY OVERVIEW

                         6.1.2   COMPANY SNAPSHOT

                         6.1.3   OPERATING BUSINESS SEGMENTS

                         6.1.4   PRODUCT PORTFOLIO

                         6.1.5   BUSINESS PERFORMANCE

                         6.1.6   BUSINESS SEGMENTS

                         6.1.7   GEOGRAPHIC SEGMENTS

                         6.1.8   KEY STRATEGIC MOVES AND DEVELOPMENT

                         6.1.9   PRIMARY MARKET COMPETITORS

           6.2   BRP, INC.

                         6.2.1   COMPANY OVERVIEW

                         6.2.2   COMPANY SNAPSHOT

                         6.2.3   OPERATING BUSINESS SEGMENTS

                         6.2.4   PRODUCT PORTFOLIO

                         6.2.5   BUSINESS PERFORMANCE

                         6.2.6   BUSINESS SEGMENTS

                         6.2.7   GEOGRAPHIC SEGMENTS

                         6.2.8   KEY STRATEGIC MOVES AND DEVELOPMENT

                         6.2.9   PRIMARY MARKET COMPETITORS

           6.3   HONDA MOTOR CO., INC.

                         6.3.1   COMPANY OVERVIEW

                         6.3.2   COMPANY SNAPSHOT

                         6.3.3   OPERATING BUSINESS SEGMENTS

                         6.3.4   PRODUCT PORTFOLIO

                         6.3.5   BUSINESS PERFORMANCE

                         6.3.6   BUSINESS SEGMENTS

                         6.3.7   GEOGRAPHIC SEGMENTS

                         6.3.8   KEY STRATEGIC MOVES AND DEVELOPMENT

                         6.3.9   PRIMARY MARKET COMPETITORS

           6.4   KAWASAKI HEAVY INDUSTRIES LTD.

                         6.4.1   COMPANY OVERVIEW

                         6.4.2   COMPANY SNAPSHOT

                         6.4.3   OPERATING BUSINESS SEGMENTS

                         6.4.4   PRODUCT PORTFOLIO

                         6.4.5   BUSINESS PERFORMANCE

                         6.4.6   BUSINESS SEGMENTS

                         6.4.7   GEOGRAPHIC SEGMENTS

                         6.4.8   KEY STRATEGIC MOVES AND DEVELOPMENT

                         6.4.9   PRIMARY MARKET COMPETITORS

           6.5   YAMAHA MOTOR CO. LTD.

                         6.5.1   COMPANY OVERVIEW

                         6.5.2   COMPANY SNAPSHOT

                         6.5.3   OPERATING BUSINESS SEGMENTS

                         6.5.4   PRODUCT PORTFOLIO

                         6.5.5   BUSINESS PERFORMANCE

                         6.5.6   BUSINESS SEGMENTS

                         6.5.7   GEOGRAPHIC SEGMENTS

                         6.5.8   KEY STRATEGIC MOVES AND DEVELOPMENT

                         6.5.9   PRIMARY MARKET COMPETITORS

           6.6   TEXTRON, INC.

                         6.6.1   COMPANY OVERVIEW

                         6.6.2   COMPANY SNAPSHOT

                         6.6.3   OPERATING BUSINESS SEGMENTS

                         6.6.4   PRODUCT PORTFOLIO

                         6.6.5   BUSINESS PERFORMANCE

                         6.6.6   BUSINESS SEGMENTS

                         6.6.7   GEOGRAPHIC SEGMENTS

                         6.6.8   KEY STRATEGIC MOVES AND DEVELOPMENT

                         6.6.9   PRIMARY MARKET COMPETITORS

           6.7   CF MOTO

                         6.7.1   COMPANY OVERVIEW

                         6.7.2   COMPANY SNAPSHOT

                         6.7.3   OPERATING BUSINESS SEGMENTS

                         6.7.4   PRODUCT PORTFOLIO

                         6.7.5   BUSINESS PERFORMANCE

                         6.7.6   BUSINESS SEGMENTS

                         6.7.7   GEOGRAPHIC SEGMENTS

                         6.7.8   KEY STRATEGIC MOVES AND DEVELOPMENT

                         6.7.9   PRIMARY MARKET COMPETITORS

           6.8   SUZMIDDLE EASTI MOTOR CORPORATION

                         6.8.1   COMPANY OVERVIEW

                         6.8.2   COMPANY SNAPSHOT

                         6.8.3   OPERATING BUSINESS SEGMENTS

                         6.8.4   PRODUCT PORTFOLIO

                         6.8.5   BUSINESS PERFORMANCE

                         6.8.6   BUSINESS SEGMENTS

                         6.8.7   GEOGRAPHIC SEGMENTS

                         6.8.8   KEY STRATEGIC MOVES AND DEVELOPMENT

                         6.8.9   PRIMARY MARKET COMPETITORS

           6.9   KWANG YANG MOTOR CO., LTD.

                         6.9.1   COMPANY OVERVIEW

                         6.9.2   COMPANY SNAPSHOT

                         6.9.3   OPERATING BUSINESS SEGMENTS

                         6.9.4   PRODUCT PORTFOLIO

                         6.9.5   BUSINESS PERFORMANCE

                         6.9.6   BUSINESS SEGMENTS

                         6.9.7   GEOGRAPHIC SEGMENTS

                         6.9.8   KEY STRATEGIC MOVES AND DEVELOPMENT

                         6.9.9   PRIMARY MARKET COMPETITORS

           6.10   KUBOTA CORPORATION

                         6.10.1   COMPANY OVERVIEW

                         6.10.2   COMPANY SNAPSHOT

                         6.10.3   OPERATING BUSINESS SEGMENTS

                         6.10.4   PRODUCT PORTFOLIO

                         6.10.5   BUSINESS PERFORMANCE

                         6.10.6   BUSINESS SEGMENTS

                         6.10.7   GEOGRAPHIC SEGMENTS

                         6.10.8   KEY STRATEGIC MOVES AND DEVELOPMENT

                         6.10.9   PRIMARY MARKET COMPETITORS

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE 1. MIDDLE EAST ATV AND UTV MARKET VALUE, BY TYPE, 2022-2030, MILLION USD

TABLE 2. MIDDLE EAST ATV AND UTV MARKET VOLUME, BY TYPE, 2022-2030, UNITS

TABLE 3. MIDDLE EAST ATV AND UTV MARKET VALUE, BY DISPLACEMENT TYPE, 2022-2030, MILLION USD

TABLE 4. MIDDLE EAST ATV AND UTV MARKET VOLUME, BY DISPLACEMENT TYPE, 2022-2030, UNITS

TABLE 5. MIDDLE EAST ATV AND UTV MARKET VALUE, BY FUEL TYPE, 2022-2030, MILLION USD

TABLE 6. MIDDLE EAST ATV AND UTV MARKET VOLUME, BY FUEL TYPE, 2022-2030, UNITS

TABLE 7. MIDDLE EAST ATV AND UTV MARKET VALUE, BY APPLICATION, 2022-2030, MILLION USD

TABLE 8. MIDDLE EAST ATV AND UTV MARKET VOLUME, BY APPLICATION, 2022-2030, UNITS

TABLE 9. BRP INC.: COMPANY SNAPSHOT

TABLE 10. BRP INC.: OPERATING SEGMENTS

TABLE 11. BRP INC.: PRODUCT PORTFOLIO

TABLE 12. BRP INC.: BUSINESS SEGMENT

TABLE 13. BRP INC.: SALES BY GEOGRAPHIC SEGMENT

TABLE 14. BRP INC.: KEY STRATEGIC MOVES & DEVELOPMENTS

TABLE 15. KAWASAKI HEAVY INDUSTRIES LTD.: COMPANY SNAPSHOT

TABLE 16. KAWASAKI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.: OPERATING SEGMENTS

TABLE 17. KAWASAKI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.: PRODUCT PORTFOLIO

TABLE 18. KAWASAKI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.: BUSINESS SEGMENT

TABLE 19. KAWASAKI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.: GEOGRAPHIC SEGMENT

TABLE 20. KAWASAKI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.: KEY STRATEGIC MOVES & DEVELOPMENTS

TABLE 21. KUBOTA CORPORATION: COMPANY SNAPSHOT

TABLE 22. KUBOTA CORPORATION: OPERATING SEGMENTS

TABLE 23. KUBOTA CORPORATION: PRODUCT PORTFOLIO

TABLE 24. KUBOTA CORPORATION: BUSINESS SEGMENT

TABLE 25. KUBOTA CORPORATION: SALES BY GEOGRAPHIC SEGMENT

TABLE 26. KUBOTA CORPORATION: KEY STRATEGIC MOVES & DEVELOPMENTS

TABLE 27. POLARIS INC.: COMPANY SNAPSHOT

TABLE 28. POLARIS INC.: OPERATING SEGMENTS

TABLE 29. POLARIS INC.: PRODUCT PORTFOLIO

TABLE 30. POLARIS INC.: BUSINESS SEGMENT

TABLE 31. POLARIS INC.: SALES BY GEOGRAPHIC SEGMENT

TABLE 32. POLARIS INC.: KEY STRATEGIC MOVES & DEVELOPMENTS

TABLE 33. SUZUKI MOTOR CORPORATION: COMPANY SNAPSHOT

TABLE 34. SUZUKI MOTOR CORPORATION: OPERATING SEGMENTS

TABLE 35. SUZUKI MOTOR CORPORATION: PRODUCT PORTFOLIO

TABLE 36. SUZUKI MOTOR CORPORATION: BUSINESS SEGMENT

TABLE 37. SUZUKI MOTOR CORPORATION: SALES BY GEOGRAPHIC SEGMENT

TABLE 38. SUZUKI MOTOR CORPORATION: KEY STRATEGIC MOVES & DEVELOPMENTS

TABLE 39. YAMAHA MOTOR CO LTD: COMPANY SNAPSHOT

TABLE 40. YAMAHA MOTOR CO LTD: OPERATING SEGMENTS

TABLE 41. YAMAHA MOTOR CO LTD: PRODUCT PORTFOLIO

TABLE 42. YAMAHA MOTOR CO. LTD: BUSINESS SEGMENT

TABLE 43. YAMAHA MOTOR CO LTD: GEOGRAPHIC SEGMENT

TABLE 44. YAMAHA MOTOR CO LTD: KEY STRATEGIC MOVES & DEVELOPMENTS

TABLE 45. YAMAHA MOTOR CO LTD: PRIMARY MARKET COMPETITORS

TABLE 46. TEXTRON INC: COMPANY SNAPSHOT

TABLE 47. TEXTRON INC: OPERATING SEGMENTS

TABLE 48. TEXTRON INC: PRODUCT PORTFOLIO

TABLE 49. TEXTRON INC: BUSINESS SEGMENT

TABLE 50. TEXTRON INC: GEOGRAPHIC SEGMENT

TABLE 51. TEXTRON INC: KEY STRATEGIC MOVES & DEVELOPMENTS

TABLE 52. TEXTRON INC: PRIMARY MARKET COMPETITORS

TABLE 53. HONDA MOTOR CO. LTD.: COMPANY SNAPSHOT

TABLE 54. HONDA MOTOR CO. LTD.: OPERATING SEGMENTS

TABLE 55. HONDA MOTOR CO. LTD.: PRODUCT PORTFOLIO

TABLE 56. HONDA MOTOR CO. LTD.: BUSINESS SEGMENT

TABLE 57. HONDA MOTOR CO. LTD.: GEOGRAPHIC SEGMENT

TABLE 58. HONDA MOTOR CO. LTD.: KEY STRATEGIC MOVES & DEVELOPMENTS

TABLE 59. HONDA MOTOR CO. LTD.: PRIMARY MARKET COMPETITORS

TABLE 60. KWANG YANG MOTOR CO., LTD.: COMPANY SNAPSHOT

TABLE 61. KWANG YANG MOTOR CO., LTD.: PRODUCT PORTFOLIO

TABLE 62. KWANG YANG MOTOR CO., LTD.: KEY STRATEGIC MOVES & DEVELOPMENTS

TABLE 63. KWANG YANG MOTOR CO., LTD.: PRIMARY MARKET COMPETITORS

TABLE 64. CFMOTO: COMPANY SNAPSHOT

TABLE 65. CFMOTO: PRODUCT PORTFOLIO

TABLE 66. CFMOTO: KEY STRATEGIC MOVES & DEVELOPMENTS

TABLE 67. CFMOTO: PRIMARY MARKET COMPETITORS

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE 1. MIDDLE EAST ATV AND UTV MARKET VALUE, BY TYPE, 2022-2030, MILLION USD

FIGURE 2. MIDDLE EAST ATV AND UTV MARKET VOLUME, BY TYPE, 2022-2030, UNITS

FIGURE 3. MIDDLE EAST ATV AND UTV MARKET VALUE, BY DISPLACEMENT TYPE, 2022-2030, MILLION USD

FIGURE 4. MIDDLE EAST ATV AND UTV MARKET VOLUME, BY DISPLACEMENT TYPE, 2022-2030, UNITS

FIGURE 5. MIDDLE EAST ATV AND UTV MARKET VALUE, BY FUEL TYPE, 2022-2030, MILLION USD

FIGURE 6. MIDDLE EAST ATV AND UTV MARKET VOLUME, BY FUEL TYPE, 2022-2030, UNITS

FIGURE 7. MIDDLE EAST ATV AND UTV MARKET VALUE, BY APPLICATION, 2022-2030, MILLION USD

FIGURE 8. MIDDLE EAST ATV AND UTV MARKET VOLUME, BY APPLICATION, 2022-2030, UNITS

FIGURE 9. BRP INC.: NET SALES, 2020–2022 ($MILLION)

FIGURE 10. BRP INC.: PRIMARY MARKET COMPETITORS

FIGURE 11. KAWASAKI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.: NET SALES, 2020-2022 ($MILLION)

FIGURE 12. KAWASAKI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.: PRIMARY MARKET COMPETITORS

FIGURE 13. KUBOTA CORPORATION: NET SALES, 2020–2022 ($MILLION)

FIGURE 14. KUBOTA CORPORATION: PRIMARY MARKET COMPETITORS

FIGURE 15. POLARIS INC.: NET SALES, 2020–2022 ($MILLION)

FIGURE 16. POLARIS INC.: PRIMARY MARKET COMPETITORS

FIGURE 17. SUZUKI MOTOR CORPORATION: NET SALES, 2020–2022 ($MILLION)

FIGURE 18. SUZUKI MOTOR CORPORATION: PRIMARY MARKET COMPETITORS

FIGURE 19. YAMAHA MOTOR CO LTD: NET SALES, 2020-2022 ($MILLION)

FIGURE 20. TEXTRON INC: NET SALES, 2020-2022 ($MILLION)

FIGURE 21. HONDA MOTOR CO. LTD.: NET SALES, 2020-2022 ($MILLION)

FIGURE 22. CFMOTO: NET SALES, 2020-2022 ($MILLION)

KEY PLAYERS

  • Polaris, Inc

  • BRP, Inc.

  • Honda Motor Co., Inc.

  • Kawasaki Heavy Industries Ltd.

  • Yamaha Motor Co. Ltd.

  • Textron, Inc.

  • CF Moto

  • Suzuki Motor Corporation

  • KYMCO Group

  • Kubota Corporation


Frequently Asked Questions
What will be the worth of Middle East ATV and UTV market by the end of 2030?

According to the report published by the Next Move Consulting, the Middle East ATV and UTV market business is expected to hit at $750.02 million (USD) by 2030.

What are the leading companies in the Middle East ATV and UTV market?

The Middle East ATV and UTV industry includes several market players such as Polaris, Inc., BRP, Inc., Honda Motor Co., Inc., Kawasaki Heavy Industries Ltd., Yamaha Motor Co. Ltd., Textron, Inc., CF Moto, Suzuki Motor Corporation, KYMCO Group, and Kubota Corporation.

What are the market segmentations and scope of the study for the Middle East ATV and UTV industry?

The Middle East ATV and UTV market share is segmented on the basis of type, displacement, fuel type, and application.

What factors are contributing to the expansion of the Middle East ATV and UTV market?

Several pivotal elements are driving the expansion of Middle East's ATV and UTV market. These encompass the adventure tourism trend, agricultural and industrial applications, and significant strides made in technological advancements.

What factors are restraining the growth of the Middle East ATV and UTV market?

The factors restraining the growth of the Middle East ATV and UTV market are limited off-road access and safety concerns.