Rising to a series high
Singapore Primary Energy Consumption moved from 3.16 Exajoules in 2015 to 3.47 Exajoules in 2023 (+9.8%), an average of +1.2% a year. The series high was 3.47 Exajoules in 2023 and the low 3.16 Exajoules in 2015.
What Singapore Primary Energy Consumption shows
Singapore Primary Energy Consumption was 3.47 Exajoules in 2023, up 9.5% on 2022. The Primary Energy Consumption dataset of Singapore from 2015 to 2023 provides a comprehensive overview of the country’s energy consumption landscape, highlighting total energy demand, consumption patterns, and long-term changes in the overall energy system.
A 8.9% peak-to-trough swing
The gap between the series high (2023) and low (2015) is 0.310 Exajoules. The sharpest single-year move was +9.5% in 2023.
Ranks 26 of 37 countries covered
Among the 37 countries in this dataset, Singapore ranks 26 for 2023, behind China (170.7 Exajoules) and U.S. (94.28 Exajoules). It accounts for 0.6% of the global total in 2023.
Full series
Singapore Primary Energy Consumption by year
Complete annual series with year-on-year change. Values are reported in Exajoules.
Scroll the table sideways to see all columns.
| Year | Exajoules | Change vs prior year |
|---|---|---|
| 2023Peak | 3.47 | +9.5% |
| 2022 | 3.17 | −3.4% |
| 2021 | 3.28 | 0% |
| 2020 | 3.28 | −2.1% |
| 2019 | 3.35 | −2% |
| 2018 | 3.42 | 0% |
| 2017 | 3.42 | +2.4% |
| 2016 | 3.34 | +5.7% |
| 2015 Trough | 3.16 | — |
Regional context
How Singapore compares in Asia-Pacific
Primary Energy Consumption by country, 2023, Exajoules. Singapore is highlighted.
1China170.7
2Japan17.40
3South Korea12.43
4Indonesia10.10
5Australia6.02
6Thailand5.01
7Vietnam4.89
10Singapore3.47
Data definition
Inclusions and exclusions
Primary Energy Consumption — - Primary Energy Consumption refers to the total amount of energy consumed by a country before conversion into secondary energy forms such as electricity, heat, or refined fuels. It represents the consumption of energy from primary sources including fossil fuels, nuclear energy, and renewable energy sources within a given year. The metric is generally measured in Exajoules (EJ) and provides an overview of a country’s overall energy demand, economic activity, industrial development, and energy system structure. Primary Energy Consumption is an important indicator for evaluating energy usage patterns, resource dependence, energy security, and long-term energy transition trends across countries.
The data includes consumption of primary energy from major energy sources such as coal, crude oil, natural gas, nuclear energy, hydroelectricity, wind, solar, geothermal, biomass, and other renewable energy sources. It covers energy used across different sectors, including industrial, residential, commercial, transportation, and power generation activities. The dataset accounts for energy input before transformation into secondary energy products, allowing measurement of total energy demand at the national level. It includes domestically consumed energy and follows standardized calculation methodologies based on energy statistics from national sources and international energy databases, enabling comparison of energy consumption trends among countries.
The data excludes secondary energy products after conversion, such as electricity and refined petroleum products, when measured separately from their original primary energy inputs. It does not represent only electricity consumption or final energy consumption by end users. The indicator does not directly measure energy efficiency, energy affordability, carbon emissions, or the quality and reliability of energy services. Energy losses occurring during energy transformation, distribution, and transmission are accounted for according to the methodology used but do not represent actual useful energy consumed by consumers. Minor differences may occur due to variations in national statistical reporting, estimation methods, and energy accounting practices.
About this indicator
Primary Energy Consumption — - Primary Energy Consumption refers to the total amount of energy consumed by a country before conversion into secondary energy forms such as electricity, heat, or refined fuels. It represents the consumption of energy from primary sources including fossil fuels, nuclear energy, and renewable energy sources within a given year. The metric is generally measured in Exajoules (EJ) and provides an overview of a country’s overall energy demand, economic activity, industrial development, and energy system structure. Primary Energy Consumption is an important indicator for evaluating energy usage patterns, resource dependence, energy security, and long-term energy transition trends across countries.
Measured in Exajoules (EJ), the dataset represents the total primary energy consumed across the country and serves as an important indicator of energy utilization, economic activity, and infrastructure development.
Singapore recorded primary energy consumption of 3.16 EJ in 2015, followed by an increase to 3.34 EJ in 2016. Consumption continued rising to 3.42 EJ in 2017 and remained at 3.42 EJ in 2018. In 2019, energy consumption declined slightly to 3.35 EJ before decreasing further to 3.28 EJ in 2020 due to reduced economic activity and changes in energy demand patterns. Consumption remained stable at 3.28 EJ in 2021 and declined slightly to 3.17 EJ in 2022. In 2023, Singapore recorded primary energy consumption of 3.47 EJ, representing the highest value during the observed period.
Overall, the dataset reflects a relatively stable primary energy consumption pattern in Singapore between 2015 and 2023, with limited fluctuations across the years. The temporary decline during 2020 and 2022 was followed by recovery, indicating resilience in energy demand and continued requirements from industrial, commercial, and economic activities. The increase in 2023 highlights renewed energy consumption growth.
The dataset provides valuable insights for analyzing Singapore’s energy consumption trends, evaluating demand stability, and comparing energy patterns across global economies. It supports research related to energy management, sustainability planning, infrastructure evaluation, and policy development. Additionally, the data serves as an important reference for researchers, analysts, and policymakers examining energy efficiency, consumption behavior, and the future evolution of Singapore’s energy landscape.
- Indicator
- Primary Energy Consumption
- Country
- Singapore
- Region
- Asia-Pacific
- Unit
- Exajoules
- Coverage
- 2015–2023, annual
- Category
- Energy & Power
- Last updated
- July 2026
- Source
- energyinst.org
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Frequently asked questions
What is Singapore Primary Energy Consumption?
Definition- Primary Energy Consumption refers to the total amount of energy consumed by a country before conversion into secondary energy forms such as electricity, heat, or refined fuels. It represents the consumption of energy from primary sources including fossil fuels, nuclear energy, and renewable energy sources within a given year. The metric is generally measured in Exajoules (EJ) and provides an overview of a country’s overall energy demand, economic activity, industrial development, and energy system structure. Primary Energy Consumption is an important indicator for evaluating energy usage patterns, resource dependence, energy security, and long-term energy transition trends across countries.
What was Singapore Primary Energy Consumption in 2023?
Singapore Primary Energy Consumption was 3.47 Exajoules in 2023, up 9.5% on 2022.
How has Singapore Primary Energy Consumption changed between 2015 and 2023?
Singapore Primary Energy Consumption moved from 3.16 Exajoules in 2015 to 3.47 Exajoules in 2023 (+9.8%), an average of +1.2% a year. The series high was 3.47 Exajoules in 2023 and the low 3.16 Exajoules in 2015.
Which year had the highest and lowest Singapore Primary Energy Consumption?
The highest value was 3.47 Exajoules in 2023 and the lowest was 3.16 Exajoules in 2015.
What does the Singapore Primary Energy Consumption data include and exclude?
Included: The data includes consumption of primary energy from major energy sources such as coal, crude oil, natural gas, nuclear energy, hydroelectricity, wind, solar, geothermal, biomass, and other renewable energy sources. It covers energy used across different sectors, including industrial, residential, commercial, transportation, and power generation activities. The dataset accounts for energy input before transformation into secondary energy products, allowing measurement of total energy demand at the national level. It includes domestically consumed energy and follows standardized calculation methodologies based on energy statistics from national sources and international energy databases, enabling comparison of energy consumption trends among countries. Excluded: The data excludes secondary energy products after conversion, such as electricity and refined petroleum products, when measured separately from their original primary energy inputs. It does not represent only electricity consumption or final energy consumption by end users. The indicator does not directly measure energy efficiency, energy affordability, carbon emissions, or the quality and reliability of energy services. Energy losses occurring during energy transformation, distribution, and transmission are accounted for according to the methodology used but do not represent actual useful energy consumed by consumers. Minor differences may occur due to variations in national statistical reporting, estimation methods, and energy accounting practices.
Where does the Singapore Primary Energy Consumption data come from?
The series is sourced from energyinst.org (https://www.energyinst.org/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/1542714/684_EI_Stat_Review_V16_DIGITAL.pdf). It covers 2015–2023 and is reported in Exajoules.
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